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South African Culture

South African Culture

CULTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA
http://riseingsouthernstar-africa.de.tl/South-Africa-Maps.htm

South African Languages 

 

We're not called the rainbow nation for nothing. South Africa has 11 official languages, and scores of unofficial ones. English is the most commonly spoken language in official and commercial public life but only the fifth most spoken home language.The country's democratic Constitution, which came into effect on 4 February 1997, recognises 11 official languages, to which the state guarantees equal status.




South African Sport

 

In South Africa soccer, rugby and cricket are their main Sports " Other sports with significant support are hockey,swimming, athletics, golf, boxing, tennis and netball. Although soccer commands the greatest following among the youth, other sports like basketball, surfing, and skateboarding are increasingly popular.

South African Foods

 

The cuisine of South Africa is sometimes called "rainbow cuisine", as it has had a variety of multicultural sources and stages.These colonists brought European cookery styles with them. The Afrikaners have their succulent potjiekos, tamatiebredie ,tomato bredie, or stews of lamb and mutton with tomato and onion sauce, with or without rice.

South African Poems

 

The poetry of South Africa covers a broad range of themes, forms and styles.This article discusses the context that contemporary poets have come from and identifies the major poets of South Africa, their works and influence.And their Amaizing poems of the Voortrekkers Days, and the Poems of Today.

South African Flag Songs

 

Another flag song, this time about the former South African flag called "Die Vlaglied" / "The Song of the Flag" which was composed by CJ Langenhoven, the composer of the former South African National Anthem "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" / "The Call of South Africa".
South African Coat of Arms

 

The South African National Seal with its symbols on the original South African Coat of Arms places the white South African nation alongside the other Great Israel Nations of the West and identifies them as THE ANCIENT TRIBE OF JUDAH. The Coat of Arms heraldry aligned with thesc scriptures gives Judah’s latter-day geographical location as South Africa. Since this latter-day discovery, the White South Africans can easily be identified as the Biblical tribe of Judah whose ultimate destination was skillfully guided by the Creator and their identity concealed for it only to be revealed long after their arrival on theAfrican continent.

South African Music

 

Afrikaans music was primarily influenced by Dutch folk styles, along with French and German influences, in the early twentieth century. In 1979 the South African Music scene changed from the Tranetrekkers to more lively sounds and the introduction of new names in the market with the likes of Anton Goosen, David Kramer, Koos du Plessis, Fanie de Jager, and Laurika Rauch. Afrikaans music is currently one of the most popular and best selling industries on the South African music scene.

South African Jokes

 

Here You can find a few South African Jokes.

South African Ghost Stories

 


The ghosts of South Africa couldn't be more varied. You'll find killers, victims, poltergeists, spooky drivers, as well as battlefield and road death spirits. Each one gives you a little insight into South Africa's story. But most of all, they provide for cracking good entertainment.


South African Recipes

 

South African cooking has its roots in the many cultures that have visited the country over time. Therefore you will find the main dishes include a mixture of Eastern flavours, Western tastes and a healthy dose of bushveld ingredients.



South African Links



South African Boere Links

 
South African Art

 

South Africa is home to some of the most ancient and beautiful art in the world - the rock art of the ancestors of today's Bushman or San. It is also the scene of a host of diverse and challenging contemporary artists producing important new work.



South African Tribes

 

There are 11 official languages in South Africa and Xhosa is known to be listed as one of those languages. Approximately 18 percent of South Africa’s population speaks the language, and when doing the maths, that makes it around 7.9 million people. Xhosa is marked by a number of tongue-clicking sounds.

South African Travel Guide

 

South Africa is located at the southern tip of Africa. It is bordered by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland and Lesotho ,which is completely surrounded by South Africa. It is a vast country with widely varying landscapes and has 11 official languages, as well as an equally diverse population. South Africa is renowned for its wines and is one of the world's largest producers of gold.

Ons Tuis Blad

 

Tuis blad is a webpage to Try and Help to solve the Crimes in South Africa,People that have been killed,Farm Murders,Missing Childeren and many other Cases and Crimes,that have happened Dayly in the past,and that still has not been Solve till today .So if you no of a Crime or a case ON MISSING CHILDREN We would like to Help,and if you would  like me to put it on Tuis Blad, that what has happened and not solved till today,let us no ,we are glad to put it on our page free of change ,and willing to help.send me a e-mail at damiande@web.de or leave a message on my Gestbook,and we will contact you.

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South African Travel Guide

South African Travel Guide 
South Africa is located at the southern tip of Africa. It is bordered by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland and Lesotho ,which is completely surrounded by South Africa. It is a vast country with widely varying landscapes and has 11 official languages, as well as an equally diverse population. South Africa is renowned for its wines and is one of the world's largest producers of gold. South Africa has the strongest economy in Africa, and is an influential player in African politics. In 2010, South Africa hosted the first Football World Cup to be held on the African continent.

 

Flying to South Africa


Flights to South Africa are rarely a bargain, but shop around because prices fall substantially if you are willing to make a connection in the Middle East. The national airline is South African Airways (SAA) (www.flysaa.com). There are frequent direct and indirect flights by numerous major airlines from destinations throughout Europe and North America, including British Airways with daily flights to Johannesburg and Cape Town, and Delta which flies to Johannesburg from Atlanta. Flights are most expensive around Christmas when flights tend to fill up quickly.


SAA has two daily services between Johannesburg and London and up to 44 daily flights between Cape Town and Johannesburg.

British Airways and Virgin Atlantic still run non-stop flights from London to Cape Town. Several other carriers connect to Cape Town with one stop, including Dubai-based Emirates and Qatar Airways via Doha, as well as several European lines such as KLM via Amsterdam. Most routes fly overnight and South Africa is at most two hours ahead of the UK, so there’s no problem with jet lag.

Air notes:

SAA ended direct flights between London and Cape Town in August 2012 and now routes passengers via Johannesburg. The move was inconvenient for most leisure travellers, who see Cape Town as the destination and tend to skip Jo’burg altogether.

Flight times:

Flights to Cape Town from London are at least 11 hours 30 minutes and to Johannesburg 11 hours. From New York to Cape Town is at least 22 hours, to Johannesburg at least 15 hours.

Departure tax:

None.

Travel by rail

 

South Africa’s railway network is sadly under-developed and there is little cohesion between neighbouring countries. That makes arriving by train unfeasible, unless you can afford the luxurious Rovos Rail  which runs occasionally to and from Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe, Swakopmund in Namibia, Dar es Salaam in Tanzania and the long haul up to Cairo.

Driving to South Africa

There are several borders you can cross to get into South Africa if you are entering the country by car and border posts are open daily. The main border posts are:
• Namibia Vioolsdrif / South Africa, open 24 hours
• Mozambique Komatiepoort / South Africa, 0700-2200
• Botswana Tlokweng / South Africa, 0700-2200
• Zimbabwe Beitbridge / South Africa, 0600-2200
• Swaziland Oshoek / South Africa, 0700-2200

Coach operator Intercape  runs regularly to and from points in Namibia, Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

 

By road note:

 

Distances are very long and roads are not always well maintained, sometimes making arriving by road an adventure, not a doddle.

 

Getting to South Africa by boat

Cape Town, Durban, East London and Port Elizabeth all have major ports and it is possible to travel by ferry from these destinations. For more information regarding the ports, contact Transnet National Ports Authority Cruise ships:

Several international cruise liners call at Cape Town or Durban.

Cape Town International Airport

Airport Code: CPT. Location: Cape Town International Airport is located 22km (15.5 miles) east of Cape Town. Money: Bureaux de change and ATMs are available in all terminals. There is a bank in International...
 

Johannesburg O.R. Tambo International Airport
 

Airport Code: JNB. Location: Johannesburg O.R. Tambo International Airport is located 22km (14 miles) east of Johannesburg. Money: There are ATMs, banks and bureaux de change within the terminals.
 

Port Elizabeth Airport

Airport Code: PLZ. Location: Port Elizabeth Airport is situated within the boundaries of the city of Port Elizabeth, 5km (3... Money: There is an ATM situated between the arrivals and departures halls. The information desk operates a...
 

Durban King Shaka International Airport

Airport Code: DUR. Location: The airport is located 35km (22 miles) north of central Durban. Money: Standard Bank offers exchange services and ATMs. A VAT refund facility is available in Departures....

 

Passports: 

To enter South Africa, a passport valid for at least 30 days after the intended date of departure is required by all nationals referred to in the chart above.

Passports must have at least two blank pages for entry stamps - visitors have been refused entry by airport immigration officials for flouting this regulation.

Passport note: 

Yellow fever certificates are required if the journey starts from or passes through a country with yellow fever.

Visas: 

Visas for South Africa are not required by nationals referred to in the chart above for stays of up to 90 days on holiday. Citizens of most other countries do not require a visa for holidays of up to 30 days.

Visa note: 

The Home Affairs website (www.home-affairs.gov.za/ministry.html) has comprehensive details on visa requirements and exemptions and the relevant forms for downloading. If you are one of the very few travellers subject to visa requirements, you should apply for your visa at least a month before you intend to travel, and wait for it to be issued before you travel. No visas are issues at South African points of entry. If you arrive without the necessary paperwork, immigration officials are obliged to refuse you entry.

Types and cost: 

Visa fees will be charged in the local currency in any of the few countries that actually require one. Temporary residence permits include Business Permits at R1,520 and Study Permits at R425.

Validity: 

Dependent on length of stay requested. Permits may be extended if done so 30 days prior to expiry of original permit.

Application to: 

No visa is needed for transit passengers. You can leave the airport if there is time between connecting flights, but it’s a long way into the city in both Johannesburg and Cape Town, so it’s probably not worth it. There are hotels within strolling distance if you need to stay at the airport overnight.

Temporary residence: 

If you intend to work in South Africa, including any voluntary or paid employment or studies, you must apply for a work, work-seeker’s or study permit before you arrive.

Working days: 

The processing period for visas and transit visas is 10 calendar days.

Sufficient funds: 

Are required, but Home Affairs does not specify what it considers to be sufficient.

Extension of stay: 

You can apply to extend your stay before your existing permit expires, at your nearest Home Affairs customer service centre in South Africa.

Entry with pets: 

An import permit costing R110 is required for all pets, applied for through the Directorate of Animal Health in South Africa. A 14-day quarantine period applies to dogs from many countries. Cats are exempt from quarantine. Animals must be vaccinated against rabies except from the UK, Australia and New Zealand. It’s worth checking first whether you will be allowed to take pets back into your home country again after they have been in South Africa.

 

Last updated: 01 October 2012

• There has been a marked increase in strike action in South Africa in recent weeks, with some demonstrations becoming violent. You should avoid demonstrations, rallies and large public gatherings as a precaution and exercise caution when travelling on highways, where some violence has been directed at truck drivers. Check local media sites for up to date information on strike action or demonstrations that may be taking place in your area. Visitors to South Africa should avoid areas where strikes are underway, particularly in the mining sector, as violence can erupt quickly and may extend beyond the immediate area.

• There is a very high level of crime, but the most violent crimes occur in townships and isolated areas away from the normal tourist destinations.

• The standard of driving is variable and there are many fatal accidents.

• Most visits to South Africa are trouble-free.

• There is an underlying threat from terrorism. Attacks, although unlikely, could be indiscriminate, including in places visited by expatriates and foreign travellers. 

• You should get comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. 

• You should have two blank pages in your passport on arrival.

 

Currency information: 

Rand (ZAR; symbol R) = 100 cents. Notes are in denominations of R200, 100, 50, 20 and 10. Coins are in denominations of R5, 2 and 1, and 50, 20, 10 and 5 cents.

Credit cards: 

MasterCard and Visa are preferred. American Express and Diners Club are also widely accepted. ATMs are available in all towns, cities and shopping malls and most petrol stations, and accept international cards. Almost all hotels, shops, restaurants, national parks and game reserves accept credit cards. They are now acceptable at most petrol stations too, but since that is a relatively new measure, it’s worth checking before you fill up.

ATM: 

ATMs are available in all towns, cities and shopping malls and most petrol stations, and accept international cards. Be alert when using ATMs, and do not accept help from anybody as conmen are adept at switching cards. Check your statements afterwards for a few weeks too, as cloning machines are occasionally planted in ATMs. More obviously, be aware of who is hanging around and don’t withdraw money if your instinct tells you not to.

Travellers cheques: 

Valid at banks, hotels, restaurants and some tourist-orientated shops. To avoid additional exchange rate charges, travellers are advised to take traveller's cheques in Pounds Sterling or US Dollars.

Banking hours: 

Mon-Fri 0900-1530, Sat 0830-1100.

Currency restriction: 

The import and export of local currency is limited to R5000 in cash. The import and export of foreign currency is unlimited provided it is declared upon arrival.

Currency exchange: 

Money can be changed at banks, bureaux de change and some hotels. Proof of identity may be requested so take your passport. Visitors are restricted to bringing in and taking out a maximum of R5,000 in cash.

 

South Africa duty free

The following goods may be imported into South Africa by passengers over 18 years of age without incurring customs duty:

• 200 cigarettes and 20 cigars and 250g of tobacco.
• 1L of spirits or liquor and 2L of wine.
• 50mL of perfume and 250mL of eau de toilette.
• Other goods up to a value of R3,000. Additional goods up to R12,000 are charged duty of 20%.

Note: Most retail purchases include VAT of 14%, which foreign tourists can claim back at the airport by presenting the original tax invoices and completing the necessary forms.

 Restricted items
South African bank notes in excess of R5,000, gold coins, coin and stamp collections and unprocessed gold; endangered species of plants or wildlife, including articles made from them, plants and plant products, such as seeds, flowers, fruit, honey, margarine and vegetable oil; animals, birds, poultry and related products. Medicines (excluding sufficient for one month for own personal treatment accompanied by a letter or certified prescription from a registered physician).

Banned imports: 

Narcotics; automatic, military and unnumbered weapons, explosives or fireworks; poisons, meat, cigarettes with a mass of more than 2kg per 1 000, counterfeit goods, unlawful reproductions of any works subject to copyright and prison-made goods, processed cheese and other dairy products.

Banned exports: 

Goods that require an export licence include acacia trees, mineral ores, Tigers Eye gemstones, and a variety of industrial chemicals and metals.

 

Air: 

Several airlines operate domestic routes with regular links between Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, George, Nelspruit and Port Elizabeth and relatively frequent flights to several smaller towns and cities too. Main operators are South Africa Airways (SAA)  air fares are not particularly cheap, and price wars have taken several airlines that attempted to introduce more affordable flights out of business. But since South Africa is a big country with long distances between its major tourist centres, it generally makes sense to fly.

Public transport at the airports is mostly inadequate, but the long-awaited sparkly new Gautrain (http://join.gautrain.co.za) from O.R. Tambo airport in Johannesburg is a quick and efficient way to reach the city centre, some useful points in the northern suburbs and Pretoria.

Cape Town airport has a cheap shuttle service called MyCiTi (http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/MyCiti) that runs into the city centre 0510-2200.

 

Flight times: 

Flights from Johannesburg to Cape Town take 2 hours 15 minutes and from Johannesburg to Durban take 1 hour 10 minutes.

Road: 

Roads between the major centres are generally well maintained and well signposted, so getting around by road isn’t a problem, except for some of the daunting distances. The Fifa 2010 World Cup saw a major investment in improving the road system, particularly around Johannesburg and Cape Town. One blot on the horizon for Jo’burgers is the threat of an electronic tolling system on motorways surrounding the city, with legal challenges under way in a bid to have the whole thing scrapped. That will have only a minor effect on visitors, however, who may find themselves paying a small surcharge to car hire companies.

One welcome change was a belated move by the petrol stations to accept credit cards, ending the hassle of having to carry cash to pay for your fuel. Car theft and hijacking is a problem, so it is advisable to keep doors locked and avoid picking up hitchhikers.

Side of road: 

 

Left

Road quality: 

Roads and national highways link all the major areas and the only untarred roads are in rural areas and in some game reserves. Heavy rains and sometimes dodgy workmanship have left many urban roads riddled with serious potholes, however. Road signs are in English.

Road classification: 

National highways are denoted with an 'N' and some are toll roads.

 

Car hire: 

Dozens of car hire firms are operating, including the major international players, and even the smaller airports have a rank of car hire desks. At peak periods it’s worth booking in advance. Drivers must be at least 18 years old, and most car hire companies will only accept an unendorsed license that has been valid for a minimum of 1 year.

 

Taxi: 

Available in all towns, hotels and airports, generally with meters fitted, although some still operate without or prefer not to use them. They are not particularly cheap, and it’s often cheaper to haggle over the price in advance. Taxis do not cruise and must be ordered by phone or at a taxi rank.
 

Bike: 

Let’s be honest, South African motorists can be pretty careless, and many drive without a licence or insurance. That makes hiring a bike in the cities a dangerous idea. But it’s a great country for mountain biking, with plenty of guided tours available. A couple of companies including  Bike Rentals  rent out motorbikes in Cape Town and Cape Town Cycle  rents out bikes and mountain bikes.

 

Coach: 

Coaches criss-cross the country between all major towns and cities and a web of tiny off-the-beaten-track towns too. Operators include Intercape ,www.greyhound.co.za, and Translux .translux.co.za. operates as a hop-on hop-off, door-to-door bus service between 180 backpacking hostels, running along the coast between Cape Town and Durban, then up to Johannesburg. Coach tickets can also be bought through Computicket (www.computicket.co.za), which has online booking and kiosks in some shopping malls.

Regulations: 

The legal driving age is 18 and driving licences must be carried at all times. The speed limit on highways is 120kph (75mph), 80-100kph (50-62mph) on national roads and 60kph (37mph) in urban areas. Driving is on the left, seatbelts must be worn, and it is illegal to use a mobile phone without a hands-free kit.

Breakdown service: 

The AA ( www.aa.co.za). Yellow SOS telephones are available on major routes, but very sporadically.

Documentation: 

Foreign licences are valid if they are in English with a photograph of the holder, but the AA recommends an International Driving Permit to prevent potential complications.

 

Getting around towns and cities: 

Public transport is generally dreadful. Although there are bus networks in all main towns reliability is dubious. Routes for the minibus taxis used by local commuters are too confusing to even try to explain to a short-term visitor.

 

Rail: 

Intercity services with trains between Johannesburg, Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth and Cape Town. Trains are frustratingly slow and the facilities including the dining car and trolley service are very basic by European standards. Sleeper cars are available in tourist class, with shared showers. Economy class just buys you a reclining seat. Children under four travel free. Children aged four to 12 pay half fare.

Cape Town’s Metrorail (tel: 0800 656 463 www.capemetrorail.co.za) runs a pleasant coastal route from Cape Town to Simon’s Town that passes through quaint Kalk Bay.


Luxury trains: Premier Classe The Blue Train (www.bluetrain.co.za) and offer luxurious cabins and gourmet food in elaborate dining cars and run between Pretoria, Cape Town and Durban.
 

The recently-constructed Gautrain ( http://join.gautrain.co.za) runs overground and underground connecting Johannesburg, Pretoria and O.R. Tambo International Airport.

By water: 

The main ports of Cape Town, Durban, East London and Port Elizabeth are industrial or geared towards international cruise liners rather than domestic ferry routes.

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South African languages

South African languages

 

We're not called the rainbow nation for nothing. South Africa has 11 official languages, and scores of unofficial ones. English is the most commonly spoken language in official and commercial public life but only the fifth most spoken home language.The country's democratic Constitution, which came into effect on 4 February 1997, recognises 11 official languages, to which the state guarantees equal status.

 

The culture of South Africa is known for its ethnic and cultural diversity. The South African black majority still has a substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely impoverished lives. It is among these people, however, that cultural traditions survive most strongly; as blacks have become increasingly urbanised and Westernised, aspects of traditional culture have declined. Urban blacks usually speak English or Afrikaans in addition to their native tongue.

There are smaller but still significant groups of speakers of Khoisan languages, not included in the eleven official languages, but are one of the eight other officially recognised languages. There are small groups of speakers of endangered languages, most of which are from the Khoi-San family, that receive no official status; however, some groups within South Africa are attempting to promote their use and revival.

 

 

Members of middle class, who are predominantly white but whose ranks include growing numbers of black, coloured and Indian people, have lifestyles similar in many respects to that of people found in Western Europe, North America and Australasia. Members of the middle class often study and work abroad for greater exposure to the markets of the world.Indian South Africans preserve their cultural heritage, languages and religious beliefs, being either Christian, Hindu or Muslim and speaking English, with Indian languages like Hindi, Telugu, Tamil or Gujarati being spoken less frequently as second languages. The first Indians arrived on the Truro ship as indentured labourers in Natal to work the Sugar Cane Fields, while the rest arrived as traders. A post-apartheid wave of South Asian (including Pakistani) immigration has also influenced South African Indian culture. There is a much smaller Chinese South African community, made up of early immigrants, apartheid-era immigrants from Taiwan, and post-apartheid immigrants from mainland China.

 

Afrikaans
 

 

is the third most common language in South Africa. It is spoken by 13.5% of the population, or people , mainly "coloured" and white South Africans. The language has its roots in 17th century Dutch, with influences from English, Malay, German, Portuguese, French, and some African languages. One of the first works of written Afrikaans was Bayaan-ud-djyn, an Islamic tract written in Arabic script by Abu Bakr.Initially known as Cape Dutch, Afrikaans was largely a spoken language for people living in the Cape, with proper Dutch the formal, written language.Afrikaans came into its own with the growth of Afrikaner identity, being declared an official language  with English , of the Union of South Africa in 1925. The language was promoted alongside Afrikaner nationalism after 1948 and played an important role in minority white rule in apartheid South Africa.

The 1976 schoolchildren's uprising was sparked by the proposed imposition of Afrikaans in township schools.Afrikaans is spoken mainly by white Afrikaners, coloured South Africans and sections of the black population. Although the language has European roots, today the majority of Afrikaans-speakers are not white.Most Afrikaans speakers live in the Western Cape, where it is the language of just less than half (48.4%) of the provincial population. It is also common in Gauteng, where 12.2% of the provincial population consider Afrikaans to be their home language.Afrikaans is the dominant language in the Northern Cape, spoken by more than half (53%) of the provincial population. Afrikaans is spoken by 12.4% of the Free State's population, 10.4% of the people of the Eastern Cape, and 8.8% of the people of North West.

 

 

English

 

 

English has been both a highly influential language in South Africa, and a language influenced, in turn, by adaptation in the country's different communities. Around half of the country's people have a speaking knowledge of English.English was declared the official language of the Cape Colony in 1822 (replacing Dutch), and the stated language policy of the government of the time was one of Anglicisation. On the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, which united the former Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State with the Cape and Natal colonies, English was made the official language together with Dutch, which was replaced by Afrikaans in 1925.Today, English is South Africa's lingua franca, and the primary language of government, business, and commerce. The new education curriculum makes two languages compulsory at school, with English the language of learning and teaching at most schools and tertiary educations.

According to the 2011 census, English is spoken as a home language by almost 5- million people (or 8.2% of the population). South Africa's Asian people, most of whom are Indian in origin, are largely English-speaking, although many also retain their languages of origin. There is also a significant group of Chinese South Africans, also largely English-speaking but who also retain their languages of origin as well.South African English is an established and unique dialect, with strong influences from Afrikaans and the country's many African languages.

For example: "The old lady has been tuning me grief all avie, after she bust me and the okes gooi-ing yooees in her tjor", would translate as: "My mother has been shouting at me all afternoon after she caught my friends and I doing U-turns in her car."As a home language, English is most common in Gauteng, where more than a third (32.8%) of all English-speaking South Africans are found, making up 13% of the provincial population. Just less than a third (27.3%) of English speakers live in KwaZulu Natal, where it is the language of 13% of the people in the province, and 23.5% in the Western Cape, where it is spoken by 19.7% of the provincial population.

 

 

isiNdebele

 

 

isiNdebele, the language of the Ndebele people, is one of South Africa's four Nguni languages. The Ndebele were originally an offshoot of the Nguni people of KwaZulu- Natal, while the languages amaNala and amaNzunza are related to those of Zimbabwe's amaNdebele people.Like the country's other African languages, isiNdebele is a tonal language, governed by the noun, which dominates the sentence.isiNdebele is a minority language, spoken by only 2% of South Africa's population, or just over 1-million people. It is largely found in Mpumalanga, where 37% of its speakers are found, or 10% of the provincial population. More than a third of isiNdebele speakers reside in Gauteng, but make up only 3% of the province's population.

 

 

 

 

  • Home language to: 2.1% of the population .

  • Linguistic lineage: Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Volta- Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrow Bantu > Central > S group > Nguni > isNdebele

  • Alternate and historical names: Tabele, Tebele, Ndebele, Sindebele, Northern Ndebele

 

isiXhosa

 

 

South Africa's second-largest language, isiXhosa is spoken by 16% of all South Africans, or 8-million people. It is a regional language, with a third of its speakers living in the Eastern Cape, where it is the language of almost 78% of the provincial population. It's also strong in the bordering Western Cape, where 17% of all isiXhosa speakers live, making up nearly a quarter (24%) of the provincial population.There are a fair number of isiXhosa speakers in the Free State (7.5%), Gauteng (6.6%), North West (5.5%) and the Nothern Cape (5.3%) and Gauteng, but it is not widely spoken in the other provinces.isiXhosa is one of the country's four Nguni languages. It too is a tonal language, governed by the noun, which dominates the sentence. While it shares much of its words and grammar with isiZulu, 15% of its vocabulary is estimated to be of Khoekhoe (Khoisan, or Khoi and Bushman) origin.

 

 

 

 

  • Home language to: 16% of the population .

  • Linguistic lineage: Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Volta- Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrow Bantu > Central > S group > Nguni > isiXhosa

  • Alternate and historical names: Xhosa, Xosa, Koosa

  • Dialects: Gealeka, Ndlambe, Gaika (Ncqika), Thembu, Bomvana, Mpondomse (Mpondomisi), Mpondo, Xesibe, Rhathabe, Bhaca, Cele, Hlubi, Mfengu.

 

isiZulu

 

 

isiZulu is the most common language in South Africa, spoken by nearly 23% of the total population, or 11.6-million people. It's the language of South Africa's largest ethnic group, the Zulu people, who take their name from the chief who founded the royal line in the 16th century. The warrior king Shaka raised the nation to prominence in the early 19th century. The current monarch is King Goodwill Zwelithini.A tonal language and one of the country's four Nguni languages, isiZulu is closely related to isiXhosa. It is probably the most widely understood African language in South Africa, spoken from the Cape to Zimbabwe.

The writing of Zulu was started by missionaries in what was then Natal in the 19th century, with the first Zulu translation of the bible produced in 1883.isiZulu is an extremely regional language, with 77.8% of its speakers to be found in KwaZulu-Natal. More than 18% of isiZulu speakers are to be found in Gauteng, the second province in which it is in the majority, with its speakers making up 19.5% of the provincial population. In Mpumalanga it is spoken by nearly a quarter of the population, who make up 7.6% of all South African isiZulu speakers. The presence of the language in the remaining six provinces is negligible.

 

 

 

 

  • Home language to: 22.7% of the population .

  • Linguistic lineage: Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Volta- Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrow Bantu > Central > S group > Nguni > isiZulu

  • Alternate and historical names: Zulu, Zunda

  • Dialects: Lala, Qwabe

 

Sesotho sa Leboa

 

 

Sesotho sa Leboa, or Northern Sotho, is referred to as Sepedi in the Constitution. However, this is inaccurate, as Sepedi is just one of some 30 dialects of the Northern Sotho language, and linguists do not consider that the two are not interchangeable.
Sesotho sa Leboa is the fourth most common language in South Africa, spoken as a home language by 9.1% of the population, or 4.6-million people. It is one of South Africa's three Sotho languages, with different dialect clusters found in the area where it is spoken.Sesotho sa Leboa is the language of Limpopo, where it is spoken by more than half of the provincial population. In fact, 61% of all people who speak Sesotho sa Leboa live in Limpopo.

It is also found in Gauteng, where nearly third (27.8%) of Sesotho sa Leboa speakers are to be found, making up 10.5% of the population. In Mpumalanga, 9.3% of the population speak Sesotho sa Leboa, or 8% of all speakers of the language.Confusion in the Constitution: According to the Parliamentary Monitoring Group, the language was mentioned correctly as Sesotho sa Leboa in the interim Constitution of 1993. However, when the final version of the Constitution came into law in 1996, the language had been changed to Sepedi. The reason for the change has not been established. References to Sesotho sa Leboa were retained in the nine other translations.The Pan South African Language Board (Pansalb), set up by the government to promote multilingualism and language rights, supports the use of Sesotho sa Leboa, but says it also uses both words in certain structures to avoid conflict.

 

 

 

 

  • Home language to: 9.1% of the population .

  • Linguistic lineage: Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Volta- Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrow Bantu > Central > S group > Sotho-Tswana > Sotho > Northern Sotho

  • Alternate and historical names: Pedi, Sepedi, Northern Sotho, Sesotho sa Leboa

  • Dialects: Masemola (Masemula, Tau), Kgaga (Kxaxa, Khaga), Koni (Kone), Tswene (Tsweni), Gananwa (Xananwa, Hananwa), Pulana, Phalaborwa (Phalaburwa, Thephalaborwa), Khutswe (Khutswi, Kutswe), Lobedu (Lubedu, Lovedu, Khelobedu), Tlokwa (Tlokoa, Tokwa, Dogwa), Pai, Dzwabo (Thabine-Roka-Nareng), Kopa, Matlala-Moletshi. Dialects Pai, Kutswe, and Pulana are more divergent and sometimes called "Eastern Sotho". Sesotho, Sesotho sa Leboa and Setswana are largely mutually intelligible, but have generally been considered separate languages.

 

Sesotho

 

 

Sesotho is another of South Africa's three Sotho languages, spoken by 7.6% of the country's population, or 3.8-million people.It is the language of the Free State, which borders the kingdom of Lesotho, a country entirely surrounded by South African territory. Sesotho is spoken by 62.6% of the Free State population, with almost half of all Sesotho-speaking South Africans living there.It is also found in Gauteng, where it is spoken by 11% of the provincial population, which is more than a third (36%) of all Sesotho-speaking South Africans. In North West it is spoken by 5.7% of people who live there.Sesotho was one of the first African languages to be rendered in written form, and it has an extensive literature.

Sesotho writing was initiated by the missionaries Casalis and Arbousset of the Paris Evangelical Mission, who arrived at Thaba Bosiu in 1833.The original written form was based on the Tlokwa dialect, but today is mostly based on the Kwena and Fokeng dialects, although there are variations.The first work of Sesotho literature was Thomas Mofolo's classic novel Chaka, which was completed in 1910 and published in 1925, with the first English translation produced in 1930. The book reinvents the legendary Zulu king Shaka, portraying him as a heroic but tragic figure, a monarch to rival Shakespeare's Macbeth.

 

 

 

 

  • Home language to: 7.6% of the population .

  • Linguistic lineage: Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Volta- Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrow Bantu > Central > S group > Sotho-Tswana > Sotho > Sesotho

  • Alternate and historical names: Suto, Suthu, Souto, Sisutho, Southern Sotho

  • Dialects: Sesotho, Sesotho sa Leboa and Setswana are largely mutually intelligible, but have generally been considered separate languages.

 

Setswana

 

 

Setswana is largely found in North West, a province bordering the country of Botswana, where the language dominates. One of South Africa's three Sotho languages, it is the country's sixth most common home language, being spoken by 8% of the total population, or just over 4-million people.Setswana is spoken by 63.4% of all North West residents, where 53.8% of all Setswana- speaking South Africans live. It is also found in the Northern Cape, where it is spoken by 33% of the provincial population, as well as in Gauteng (9.1%) and the Free State (5.2%).Setswana was the first Sotho language to have a written form. In 1806, Heinrich Lictenstein wrote Upon the Language of the Beetjuana (as a British protectorate, Botswana was originally known as Bechuanaland).

In 1818, Dr Robert Moffat from the London Missionary Society arrived among the Batlhaping in Kudumane, and built Botswana's first school. In 1825 he realised that he must use and write Setswana in his teachings, and began a long translation of the Bible into Setswana, which was finally completed in 1857.One of most famous Setswana speakers was the intellectual, journalist, linguist, politician, translator and writer Sol T Plaatje. A founder member of the African National Congress, Plaatje was fluent in at least seven languages, and translated the works of Shakespeare into Setswana.

 

 

 

 

  • Home language to: 8% of the population .

  • Linguistic lineage: Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Volta- Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrow Bantu > Central > S group > Sotho-Tswana > Tswana

  • Alternate and historical names: Chuana, Coana, Cuana, Tswana, Sechuana, Beetjuans

  • Dialects: Hurutshe, Kwena, Ngwato, Ngwaketse, Tlhaping, Rolong, Tlokwa, Kgatla, Lete (originally a non-Tswana tribe). Other dialects include Khurutshe, Kubung, and Nare. Sesotho, Sesotho sa Leboa and Setswana are largely mutually intelligible, but are separate languages.

 

Tshivenda

 

 

Tshivenda is generally regarded as a language isolate among S-group languages. While the Nguni group, for example, has four languages (isiZulu, isiXhosa, siSwati and isiNdebele), the Venda group has only one – Tshivenda. It is the tongue the Venda people, who are culturally closer to the Shona people of Zimbabwe than to any other South African group.Another of South Africa's minority languages, it is spoken by 2.4% of South Africans, or a little more than 1.2-million people. It is concentrated in the province of Limpopo, where almost 74% of Tshivenda speakers live, or 16.7% of the provincial population. Another 22.5% of Tshivenda speakers live in Gauteng, where they make up 2.3% of the population.Tshivenda shares features with Shona and Sesotho sa Leboa, with some influence from Nguni languages. The Tshipani variety of the language is used as the standard.

The language requires a number of additional characters or diacritical signs not found on standard keyboards. For this reason, Translate.org.za, an NGO promoting open-source software in indigenous languages, has produced a special program to enable Tshivenda speakers to easily type their language.The Venda people first settled in the Soutpansberg Mountains region, where the ruins of their first capital, Dzata's, can still be found.

 

 

 

 

  • Home language to: 2.4% of the population .

  • Linguistic lineage: Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Volta- Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrow Bantu > Central > S group > Tshivenda

  • Alternate and historical names: Venda, Chivenda

    • Dialects: Phani, Tavha-Tsindi, Ilafuri, Manda, Guvhu, Mbedzi, Lembetu

    Xitsonga

     

     

    The Tsonga people came to South Africa long after most other African people, settling in the Limpopo River valley.Their language, Xitsonga, is spoken by 4.5% of the national population, or around 2.3- million people. It is found in Limpopo (39.8% of Xitsonga speakers and 17% of the provincial population), Gauteng (34.9% of speakers and 6.6% of the population) and Mpumalanga (18.3% and 10.4%).It is also found in eastern Limpopo and Mumalanga, areas near the border of the country of Mozambique, as well as in southern Mozambique and southeastern Zimbabwe.Xitsonga is similar to Xishangana, the language of the Shangaan people, with some Nguni influences.

     

     

    • Home language to: 4.5% of the population .

    • Linguistic lineage: Niger-Congo > Atlantic-Congo > Volta- Congo > Benue-Congo > Bantoid > Southern > Narrow Bantu > Central > S group > Tswa-Ronga > Xitsonga

    • Alternate and historical names: Tsonga, Shitsonga, Thonga, Tonga, Shangana, Shangaan

    • Dialects: Luleke (Xiluleke), Gwamba (Gwapa), Changana, Hlave, Kande, N'walungu (Shingwalungu), Xonga, Jonga (Dzonga), Nkuma, Songa, Nhlanganu (Shihlanganu). "Tsonga" can be used to describe Xishangana (Shangana or Changana), Tswa, and Ronga, although it is often used interchangeably with Xishangana, the most prestigious of the three. All are recognised as languages, although they are mutually intelligible.


 

Indigenous creoles and pidgins

 

 

Tsotsi taal, an amalgam of Afrikaans, English and a number of African languages, is widely spoken in urban areas, mainly by males. The word "tsotsi" means "gangster" or "hoodlum" – given the association with urban criminality – while "taal" is Afrikaans for "language".Otherwise known as Iscamtho, tsotsi taal developed in cities and townships to facilitate communication between the different language groups. It is a dynamic language, with new words and phrases added regularly.

Fanagalo is a pidgin that developed on South Africa's gold mines, to allow communication between white supervisors and African labourers during the colonial and apartheid era.It is essentially a simplified version of isiZulu and isiXhosa – about 70% of the lexicon is from isiZulu – and incorporates elements from English, Dutch, Afrikaans and Portuguese.

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South African Coat of Arms

South African Coat of Arms

 

COAT OF ARMS PROVES JUDAH IS SOUTH AFRICA !

THE COAT OF ARMS,  LINKED TO THE SONG OF SOLOMON ,PROVES SOUTH AFRICA TO BE THE HOUSE OF JUDAH.
 

Revealed to Pamela Cornah

In the year of our Lord 2009
 

“SET ME AS A SEAL UPON THY HEART, AS A SEAL UPON THY ARM
 

  

As Britain and America prove their Israel Identity by their National Heraldry in symbols, which was pre-designed for them in the Word of God thousands of years ago and divinely linked to their National seals of today, thereby enabling them to prove that they are the descendants of the Ancient Ten Tribes of Israel, so The Great God of the white man also predestined the tribe of Judah, allowing them also to prove their Israel identity in South Africa.

The South African National Seal with its symbols on the original South African Coat of Arms places the white South African nation alongside the other Great Israel Nations of the West and identifies them as THE ANCIENT TRIBE OF JUDAH. The Coat of Arms heraldry aligned with thesc scriptures gives Judah’s latter-day geographical location as South Africa. Since this latter-day discovery, the White South Africans can easily be identified as the Biblical tribe of Judah whose ultimate destination was skillfully guided by the Creator and their identity concealed for it only to be revealed long after their arrival on theAfrican continent.

Thus in 1688  the tribe of Judah arrived in ships at their new
location as promised by God, under the names of the European Huguenots and the 1820 British settlers. Together they grew into the self sufficient and independent nation of white South Africa. 

The Holy Spirit inspired the National Seal of South Africa, the Coat of Arms. This amazing Emblem was so skillfully encrypted without the artist ever being aware of its monumental significance.  This picture emblem was unwittingly designed especially to pinpoint the hidden location of Jesus Christ’s own tribe, The House Judah, in the latter days, declaring her history and her future up and to the time of His return.
This history of South Africa is depicted and linked by the pictures on its COAT OF ARMS to the magnificent love story of Jesus Christ for His own tribe, as related by King Solomon in the biblical love story of the SONG OF SOLOMON.

 

THE ENCRYPTION’S ON THE GREAT SEAL OF
SOUTH AFRICA

 

The lion of the tribe of Judah.THE SONG OF SOLOMON 1-13.
A bundle of myrrh is my well beloved unto me;  he shall lie all night betwixt my breast.

Neck amour with studs.THE SONG OF SOLOMON 1-1O-11….thy neck with chains of gold.
We will make thee borders of gold with studs of silver

Two standing buck feeding among the lilies each with a foot behind the shield or wall.SONG OF SOLOMON 2-9.
My beloved is like a roe or a hart.( roe – hart =Buck) standing behind our wall,

A white woman leaning on a rock holding an anchor.SONG OF SOLOMON 1-8
….O thou fairest among women

Two identical buckSONG OF SOLOMON 4-5.
Thy two breasts are like two young roes (Buck) that are twins, which feed among the lilies.

An apple tree.SONG OF SOLOMON 2-3.As the Apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons.

A wagon of wood.SONG OF SOLOMON 3-9.
King Solomon made himself a chariot of the wood of Lebanon.

A Green verdant bed upon which the pictograph is placed.SONG OF SOLOMON 1-16.
…also our bed is green.

Twin buck that are like the two buck that feed amongst the lilies.SONG OF SOLOMON 4-5.
Thy two breasts are like two young roes that are like twins, which feed among the lilies.

 

       

THE SYMBOLS
EXPLAINED BY DIVINE REVELATION THE ENCRYPTIONS EXPLAINED ON
THE GREAT SEAL OF SOUTH AFRICA

 

THE ROYAL LION.
Jesus Christ is called the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, revealing the accepted National Christian
Protestant religion officially accepted by the white South African Nation.

NECK ARMOUR
South Africans shown as an arms bearing nation
Who are adequately able to protect themselves from attack.

THE TWO BUCK:
Depict One Tribe speaking the two different languages spoken by the white South African people. One Nation with two official languages.ENGLISH: The International language spoken by all the twelve tribes of Israel.
AFRIKAANS: The other official South African language which is the personal means of communication amongst the South African tribe of Judah.

A WOMAN HOLDING AN ANCHOR AND LEANING ON A ROCK:
THE WOMAN: This woman is the symbol for the Nation of Anglo Israel and as Predicted by God she was to be a seafaring nation depicted  by the anchor thus showing the arrival of the Israel tribe of Judah on the southern shores of Africa by sea in ships. These new arrivals were known as the Huguenots and the 1820 settlers.
THE ROCK UPON WHICH THE WOMAN LEANS:
Shows the arrival of  the Christian Protestant nation Israel/Judah on the Southern shores of Africa dependent and trusting in Jesus Christ The Rock of Ages.

THE TWO IDENTICAL BUCK :
Show the descendants of the original white settlers In South Africa to be an Identical people although speaking two different languages..

THE APPLE TREE:
This apple tree depicts a particular a group of people among the South African Sons especially singled out from amongst the Judah/ South African people who are chosen as Christ’s own beloved Sweetheart. Christ Jesus says he loves to sit in the shadow of this apple tree, The fruit of these sons is sweet to his taste.

THE WOODEN WAGON:
The wooden chariot not only depicts The mode of transport that King Solomon’s tribe was to use to open up the vast frontiers of the wilderness of  South Africa. It also tells of the way being paved with love for these South African daughters of Jerusalem.

THE LATIN MOTTO ON THE COAT OF ARMS:
“ EX  UNITATE VIRUS”The English translation: UNITY IS STRENGTH.
The Afrikaans translation: EEN DRACHT MAACHT MAGT.
This motto is an instruction and an encouragement to the English and Afrikaans speaking tribe of Judah to unite thereby assuring their prosperity and strength and enabling them to withstand their enemies.

THE LILY
This lily represents a group of people who are especially chosen out from amongst the South African tribe of Judah, these South Africans are the beloved of Jesus Christ who HE compares to a lily while the rest of the tribe is compared to thorns.

 

KING SOLOMON’S CENTRAL THEME:  
PARADISE LOST.

The Song of Solomon,  describes the white South African people
as a white tanned and beautiful people. They are a nation who achieved
their highest goals and aspirations when they were prepared to fight
against the odds for their divinely selected future.

A tribe pre-destined to reside in South Africa for the purpose of
assuring the survival of the white tribe of Judah. This was achieved by them upholding their high moral standards and their instinctive ideals for race separation.

Although a beautiful white nation says Solomon, they unfortunately did not hold the charge and leaned toward the inclusion of the black indigenous savages of Africa integrating them into their white nation.

When these South Africans fell on easy and wealthy times, they let
down their guard.  While good men slept, the enemy was allowed to move in and slowly corrode away at their white God-given sovereignty and independence until they lost all and again sold themselves into a savage bondage from which there is no escape if Gods rescue plan  is not accepted.
Now hear their sad lament in the Song of Solomon as they witness their
own demise “BUT MY OWN VINYARD I HAVE NOT KEPT”.

 

  GODS PLAN OF RESTORATION.  

THE BANNER OF THE ARMY IDENTIFIED.
 

GODS PLAN FOR RESTORATION.

MY BELOVED IS WHITE AND RUDDY THE CHIEFEST OF TEN THOUSAND. SAYS THE SONG OF SOLOMON.
HIS BANNER OVER ME WAS LOVE – I AM THE APPLE OF HIS EYE

 

CAPE PROVINCEORANGE FREE STATETRANSVAAL

 

 

 

 In the Song of Solomon a restoration plan for a terrible mistake that has been made by the majority of white South Africans is advised.  The story that King Solomon relates is the story of the “THE WELL BELOVED” a story of the minority who did not disobey their God-given charge. They hold the white line.  They are called “chosen” the “only  one “ amongst  all the South African  people who have not lost sight of God’s Goals  for His own Tribe of Judah.

A band of people who offer their lives to defend Gods truth” EACH AFTER HIS OWN KIND.”  But  as is the way of Gods adversary, the evil one came and defamed these gallant warriors and worked at stopping the majority of whites from supporting  this  plan for The Nations recovery, making people believe  strange new religious beliefs even doubting the existence of The Tri Une God and defaming the name of the Saviour Jesus Christ. Consequently  the ”Beloved” few is  smote  and wounded by the watchmen of the city,  they rob the extreme right-wing  of their God-given status, leaving  her despised and in the care of undeserving weak men.

This Beloved in South Africa is described as an army with banners . This Army with its magnificent Banner which represents the South African Protestant Christianity, The only original flag belonging to South Africa, given birth by mother South Africa, It is a banner, a flag born out of the struggle to preserve the sovereignty of  the white man in South Africa.

This Banner of  love over his chosen,  is perfected by the Three Sevens representing,  God the Father,  God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. This is the flag of the well beloveds army. ‘ I CHARGE YOU O DAUGHTERS OF JERUSALEM THAT YE  STIR NOT UP NOR AWAKE MY LOVE UNTIL HE PLEASE’ that Statement is a promise of  a fearful awakening of this Army by Go,  who is very protective of  His true Beloved, the extreme right-wing people of South Africa.

The Companions in the Song of Solomon ask a question. “What is thybeloved more than the other beloved?

THE DIVINE ANSWER..

 

MY BELOVED IS WHITE AND RUDDY, THE CHIEFEST AMONG TEN THOUSAND.

My dove, my undefiled, is the one, she is the only one of her mother South Africa. She ALONE is the choice one of her that bore her.  Christ sings out the praises of  His beloved.  He says that He loves to sit under this apple tree.  When she is ready, He prepares to awake her from her sleep.

HIS ARMY RESPONDS
 

I AM MY BELOVED’S AND HIS DESIRE IS TOWARDS ME.
I AM THE APPLE OF HIS EYE .
BORN IN SOUTH AFRICA, BORN ON HOME SOIL , THIS BANNER AND THESE BRAVE MEN ARE BIRTHED BY MOTHER SOUTH AFRICA.

 

THE CALL.
 

In the Song of Solomon God’s army calls to their white brothers to come and suck the breasts of their mother South Africa.“You will be welcomed with a kiss and not be despised under God’s  banner” assures King Solomon.  The King Jesus Christ’s left hand would then be under your head and His right hand would embrace you.


THE PROMISE OF PROTECTION AND VICTORY.

“Christ’s love for this ruddy and white army is a jealous cruel and
protective love”, says Solomon.  He says, the coals of this love have a
vehement flame. He say. no matter what floods this extreme right wing
Army has had to endure, HIS love for them cannot be quenched, and at
the right time this vehement and jealous love for the Well Beloved, who
are chosen above all the Daughters of Jerusalem in South Africa, will
ignite the flames of war – They are Guaranteed of  HIS protection.
I charge you O daughters of Jerusalem, That you Stir not up nor awake
My beloved until he please. When this beloved awakes from her sleep as
promised, Her task will be to tread out the Vintage where Grapes of God’s
Wrath are stored


 

THIS INCREDIBLE STORY IN PICTOGRAPH ON THE THE GREAT SEAL OF SOUTH AFRICAN COAT OF ARMS.

ALL HAIL TO THE ONLY AND MOST MAGNIFICENT GOD!  A PEOPLE ARE PRIVALIGED TO SERVE THIS JESUS CHRIST, WHO TELLS AND SHOWS HIS PEOPLE ALL THE DETAILS OF HIS GREAT PLANS AND TRUTHS BY WORDS AND PICTURES PLANED AND DESIGNED IN THE HEAVENS FOR EACH ONE OF HIS TRIBES, DISPELING ALL OTHER MYTHS AND ASSURING US IN SOUTH AFRICA OF HIS ABSOLUTE LOVE FOR THE “WELL BELOVED”, THE EXTREME RIGHT WING.  DETAILING IT FOR THE WORLD TO SEE ON OUR COAT OF ARMS.THIS MAGNIFICENT LOVE STORY AND THE HISTORY OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH IN SOUTH AFRICA IS SUNG IN THE BOOK OF SOLOMON AND LINKED BY PICTURES TO THE GREAT SEAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COAT OF ARMS

 

Coat of arms of the Cape Colony
 

  

 

The coat of arms of the Cape Colony was the official heraldic symbol of the Cape Colony as a British colony from 1875 to 1910, and as a province of South Africa from 1910 to 1994. It is now obsolete.

The adoption of the arms was a belated response to a British government request, in 1869, for a design for a flag badge to identify the colony. The laying of the foundation stone of the new parliament building in May 1875 was considered as a good opportunity to introduce it. A Cape Town attorney with a keen interest in heraldry, Charles Aken Fairbridge (1824-1893), was accordingly asked to design arms for the Colony.

The foundation stone of the colonial parliament was laid on 12 May 1875. According to the Cape Argus newspaper, "among the conspicuous features of the spectacle was the new colonial flag, hoisted aloft above the corner stone, with the heraldic shielding, surroundings and mottoes blazoned on the Union Jack and the Royal Standard floating in the breeze from the loftiest flagstaff in the centre".

Queen Victoria formally granted the arms by Royal Warrant a year later, on 29 May 1876.

After the Cape became a province of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the provincial administration took over the arms. They were used as provincial arms until the Cape was divided into three smaller provinces in 1994.

 

The original blazon was:

  • Gules, a lion rampant between three annulets Or; on a chief Argent as many hurts each charged with a fleur de lis of the second [i.e. Or].

  • Crest: the figure of Hope proper vested Azure, resting the dexter arm on a rock and supporting with the sinister hand an anchor Sable entwined with a cable also proper.

  • Supporters: dexter a gnu and sinister an oryx (gemsbok) both proper.

  • Motto: SPES BONA.

The symbolism of the arms is obvious. The lion is a South African animal, and also appears in the arms of the two colonial powers which ruled at the Cape, Netherlands and Great Britain. The rings were taken from the arms of the founder of the colony, Jan van Riebeeck. The fleur-de-lis represent the contribution of the Huguenots to the early history of the country. The crest is the Lady of Good Hope, grasping an anchor, first introduced as a symbol of the colony in 1715.The supporters, a gnu (wildebeest) and an oryx (gemsbok), are two typical South African animals. The motto, "Spes Bona" simply means “Good Hope”. New artwork was introduced in 1952. Hope's dress was changed to white, and she was given a blue mantle. The arms were recorded in this form at the College of Arms in July 1955, and registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in 1967.

 

The Free State

 

 

The coat of arms of the Orange Free State was the official heraldic symbol of the Orange Free State as a republic from 1857 to 1902, and later, from 1937 to 1994, as a province of South Africa. It is now obsolete.The Orange Free State was established as a republic in 1854. It needed official symbols, and its first state president, Josias Hoffman decided to have them professionally designed in the Netherlands. At his request, King Willem III of the Netherlands had a flag and coat of arms designed by the Hoge Raad van Adel during 1855, and sent them out to South Africa. As the Orange Free State was named after the Orange River which, in turn, had been named after the Dutch royal family, the arms depicted a wavy orange fess (stripe) representing the river, and three bugle horns, which are the badge of the House of Orange.

By the time the designs reached Bloemfontein, in January 1856, Hoffman had resigned and been succeeded by Jacobus Boshof. Apparently unaware that state symbols were being designed in the Netherlands, Boshof had had a Great Seal designed and manufactured, and approved by the Volksraad (legislature). The seal depicted a tree of liberty, sheep, a lion, and an ox-wagon. When Boshof placed the flag and coat of arms designs before the Volksraad on 28 February 1856, the legislators decided that,The design of the flag sent by the King of the Netherlands shall be adopted, and to the coat of arms sent by the above shall be added the already existing arms in the Great Seal of the State, with omission of the orange stripe.

The coats of arms, as actually adopted, then displayed the design of the Great Seal between the three bugle horns. This hybrid design was officially introduced on the republic's third anniversary, 23 February 1857, and was used until the republic ceased to exist on 31 May 1902. As the Orange River Colony (1902-10), the territory had a different coat of arms, granted by King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.

When the colony became a province of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the provincial administration took over the Orange River Colony arms, which it used until 1925. In 1937, after a twelve-year period without official arms, the provincial administration adopted the old republican arms, and they were used as the provincial arms until the Orange Free State was reconstituted as the Free State Province in 1994.

 

Coat of arms of the Transvaal

 

The coat of arms of the Transvaal was the official heraldic symbol of the South African Republic from 1866 to 1877 and again from 1881 to 1902, and later the symbol of the Transvaal Province from 1954 to 1994. It is now obsolete.
 

The South African Republic was established in 1857. On 18 February 1858, the Volksraad (legislature) resolved that the new state should have the following coat of arms:

On a silver field there shall be placed a wagon and a golden anchor, while an eagle shall rest upon the arms. On the right hand side of the arms a man in national costume with a gun and accessories. On the left hand side a lion.

The earliest known appearance of the arms was on banknotes issued in 1866. The crudely drawn arms were depicted as a shield with a lion, an anchor, and a man in the upper half, an ox-wagon in the lower half, and the motto 'Eendragt maakt magt' on a riband across the top. This rendition also appeared on the Staatscourant (government gazette) from 1867.

A better version, in which the shield was divided into sections, an eagle was perched on top, and three flags were draped down each side, first appeared on the postage stamps in 1869, and this became the preferred rendition. From 1871, this too appeared on the banknotes,and from 1872 it was on the masthead of the Staatscourant.

 

The arms were in abeyance during the British occupation of the Transvaal, from 1877 to 1881. Revived in 1881, they became obsolete again when the republic ceased to exist in 1902.

In 1950, the Transvaal provincial administration decided to adopt the old arms as provincial arms and commissioned chief archivist Dr Coenraad Beyers to investigate and report on the most suitable version.The arms were apparently introduced in 1954,and they were used until the province ceased to exist in 1994.

The arms were recorded at the College of Arms in July 1955, and registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in October 1967. The official blazon is:

  • An oval shield per fess, the chief divided per pale; dexter Gules, a natural lion contourne couchant gardant Or; sinister Azure, a bearded man in national dress wearing a hat and bandolier, and holding in the left hand a gun resting upon the ground; in base Vert, a Voortrekker wagon proper; on an inescutcheon Argent an anchor Sable, cabled Gules.

  • Perched on the shield an eagle displayed Or.

  • Behind the shield and draped below on both sides three flags of the South African Republic, green, red, white and blue.

  • Motto: EENDRACHT MAAKT MAGT

 

Coat of arms of Natal

 

The coat of arms of Natal was the official heraldic symbol of Natal as a British colony from 1907 to 1910, and as a province of South Africa from 1910 to 1994. It is now obsolete.
As a British colony, Natal's first official symbol was a Public Seal, authorised by Queen Victoria in 1846, and also used as a flag badge from 1870.

 

The seal (illustrated right) depicted the British royal coat of arms in the upper half; in the lower half was an ornamental frame enclosing a scene of two wildebeest (gnu) galloping across a plain. The wildebeest became the popular symbol of Natal, and when the government decided in 1905 to obtain an official coat of arms, the wildebeest were the obvious choice for the design. The arms, designed by G. Ambrose Lee, the York Herald at the College of Arms, were granted by King Edward VII by Royal Warrant on 16 May 1907.

After Natal became a province of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the provincial administration took over the arms. They were used as provincial arms until Natal was reconstituted as KwaZulu-Natal in 1994

In their original form, as used by the colonial government, the arms consisted only of a shield, blazoned as follows:

Azure, in front of mountains and on a plain two black wildebeesten in full course at random all proper.

The provincial administration embellished the arms by placing an imperial crown (so-called 'Tudor crown') above the shield, and a riband inscribed 'Natal' below it. The arms were recorded in this form at the College of Arms in July 1955, and registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in January 1969.

As the 'Tudor crown' was no longer the official heraldic version of the crown in 1955, and Natal did not want to change to the new St Edward's crown, the 'Tudor crown' above the arms was modified to make it unique to Natal. The fleurs de lis of the 'Tudor crown' were replaced by crosses, but in general appearance the crown looked the same.

 

Coat of arms of the Orange River Colony

 

 

The coat of arms of the Orange River Colony was the official heraldic symbol of the Orange River Colony as a British colony from 1904 to 1910, and then of the Orange Free State province of South Africa from 1910 to 1925. It is now obsolete.

The Orange Free State republic became a British colony at the end of the Anglo-Boer War in May 1902. The republic's official arms were discontinued, and on 10 December 1904, by Royal Warrant, King Edward VII granted a new coat of arms to the colony. The springbok was chosen as the principal charge in the arms.
 
Although it had made its appearance in heraldry nearly thirty years earlier (in the crest of the arms granted to Edward Randles of Port Natal in 1875), this appears to have been the first time that the animal was used as a charge on a shield.

When the colony became a province of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the provincial administration took over the arms, which it used until 1925. In 1937, after a twelve-year period without official arms, the provincial administration adopted the old republican arms, which were used as the provincial arms until the Orange Free State was reconstituted as the Free State Province in 1994.

 

The official blazon is:

Argent, on a mound a springbuck and ona chief Azure the Imperial Crown all proper.

 

       
Gauteng Province (1996)

 

South African heraldry reaches back for more than 350 years, inheriting European (especially Dutch and British) heraldic traditions. Arms are borne by individuals, official bodies, local authorities, military units, and by a wide variety of organisations. South Africa has had its own heraldic authority since 1963, to provide armigers with legal protection, and to promote high standards of armorial practice. 

Cape Town (1899)
 

South Africa (1910)

 

Origins and history

The first known armorial display in South Africa took the form of stone beacons bearing the Portuguese royal arms, which were erected along the coast by navigators who explored the sea route in the 1480s.Some of these beacons still survive.

17th-18th centuries

 

Heraldry was introduced into the region by the Dutch, when they founded the first European colony, at the Cape of Good Hope, in 1652.Under Dutch law, everyone has the right to assume and bear arms, and many settlers bore personal arms, some of which are still borne by their descendants today, The official arms of the Netherlands, and those of the Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie, which ran the colony, were also used.There do not appear to have been any other corporate arms during the Dutch colonial period, but there is evidence of some use of military unit arms in the 1780s.Civic arms were introduced in 1804.

 19th century

British military forces occupied the colony during the Napoleonic Wars, and the Netherlands handed it over permanently to Great Britain in 1814. This brought the colony within the jurisdiction of the English College of Arms, the Scottish Lord Lyon and the Irish Ulster Office. British law regards arms as an honour which must be granted or recognised by one or other of these authoritie, but as Roman-Dutch law was retained in the colony, it remained legal to simply assume arms at will. Those who wanted formal grants of arms could apply to one of the three British authorities.

 

As with language, music, and other cultural aspects, then, British and Cape Dutch (Afrikaner) heraldry existed separately side by side. This is still the case, though there has been some cross-pollination during the past half-century.

 

European settlement spread to other parts of the region in the 1830s, as a result of Afrikaner dissatisfaction with British rule. Eventually, the region crystallised into four White-ruled territories: two British colonies and two Afrikaner republics. Their governments adopted official arms.

 


 

 

Britain conquered the two Afrikaner republics in the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), and the four territories united in 1910 to form the Union of South Africa.

As self-government developed during the first half of the 20th century, some official attention began to be paid to heraldry.

In 1935, the Union government introduced a system of voluntary registration of "badges" by the Department of the Interior. It applied only to associations and institutions, such as schools and clubs, and several dozen of the more than 1300 items registered over the years were coats of arms.The Department of Education, Arts & Sciences took over as registrar in 1959.

The rise of Afrikaner nationalism during the 1930s and 1940s drew heavily on culture and tradition, and several books and articles on Afrikaner family history and heraldry were published during that period. Unfortunately, as later research showed, the heraldic sources were generally not very reliable.

 After an Afrikaner nationalist government took office in 1948, with a republic high on its agenda, steps were taken to bring order to the armorial chaos. Between 1949 and 1953, the four provincial administrations introduced systems of registering civic arms to protect them against usurpation.

The defence force established its own heraldry office in 1954.  In 1955, an inter-departmental conference recommended the formation of an official heraldic authority, and a committee appointed in 1956 recommended adopting the Swedish model, of a nominated council and an executive bureau, under the auspices of the state archives service.

The 1950s also saw an unprecedented number of English and Scottish grants of arms,  to municipalities, corporate bodies, the Anglican dioceses, and a few individuals. With a republic in the offing, there may have been a feeling that it was "now or never".

 

South Africa became a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1961. A Heraldry Act was passed in 1962,and the Bureau of Heraldry and Heraldry Council were established in 1963.

The Bureau took over from the Department of Education, Arts & Sciences and the provincial administrations as registering authority, and in addition to registering corporate and civic arms, it registers official and personal arms too. Arms have to be heraldically correct to qualify for registration, which remains voluntary. Matriculation, i.e. re-registration of personal arms for armigers' descendants, was authorised in 1969.Thousands of arms have been registered and matriculated over the years.

 

From 1963 to 1969, the Heraldry Act also provided for arms to be granted by the state president to official bodies and by the provincial administrators to local authorities. Grants were subject to Heraldry Council approval and were registered by the Bureau.The Act has never authorised the Bureau to grant arms, only to register them.

 

Since 1963, the Bureau has introduced many innovations, including lines of partition, charges drawn from South African fauna and flora and the African heritage and, in the early 1970s, a highly stylised, Finnish-influenced, artistic style. 

Usage of arms

Roman-Dutch law allows everyone to assume and bear arms, as long as no one else's rights are infringed in the process.Social status, or service to the country, are not requirements as they are in some other countries. There is therefore a wide range of armigers,including:

 

  • individual persons

  • national and provincial governments

  • local authorities, e.g. municipalities, city councils, divisional councils, district councils

  • government departments and agencies (though current government "branding" policy requires them to use the national arms instead)

  • defence force units (army, air force, navy, military health service)

  • corporations

  • hospitals

  • churches (especially Anglican and Roman Catholic)

  • professional institutes and associations

  • schools, colleges, technikons, and universities

  • social and sports clubs.

 

Regulation

There is little regulation of heraldry in South Africa. Arms which have been registered at the Bureau are protected to the extent that a registered owner can take legal action against anyone who usurps or misuses his arms. In the case of the arms of the national and provincial governments, defence force units, and municipalities, offenders can also be prosecuted and fined,and ridiculing or showing contempt for the national arms is punishable by imprisonment.

 

Registration of arms is entirely voluntary.

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